Bonus
The “excess” value of this quantity is defined by subtracting three from it, since that’s this quantity’s value for the normal distribution. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this quantity computed by rescaling the expected value of a variable’s fourth power.
ANSWER: kurtosis [accept excess kurtosis]
[10e] Distributions with kurtosis greater than three have “heavy” examples of these features at the outer ends of a distribution, which represent the probability of extreme values. Distributions with fat examples of these features may have large numbers of outliers.
ANSWER: tails [accept heavy tails or fat tails]
[10h] This heavy-tailed distribution has a kurtosis exactly twice that of the normal distribution. This distribution, which has a cusp at its mean, is the prior distribution of the coefficients in the Bayesian LASSO method.
ANSWER: Laplace (“luh-PLOSS”) distribution [or double exponential distribution]
<Other Science>
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Conversion
| Team | Opponent | Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Total | Parts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicago A | Indiana | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 | ME |
| Iowa State | Harvard | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 | ME |
| North Carolina A | WUSTL A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 | ME |
| Stanford | UC Berkeley A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | MEH |
| Toronto C | Cornell A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 | ME |
| WUSTL B | Florida | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 | E |
| Waterloo A | Illinois A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | MEH |
Summary
| Tournament | Exact Match? | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 ACF Nationals | Yes | 7 | 21.43 | 100% | 86% | 29% |