Bonus

Despite the Orr–Sommerfeld equation always predicting stable eigenvalues for planar Couette (“coo-ET”) flow, this phenomenon is observed experimentally at a Reynolds number of about 360. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this kind of unstable flow that is contrasted with laminar flow.
ANSWER: turbulent flow [accept turbulence]
[10m] A high Reynolds number and the presence of this process can indicate turbulent flow. A “street” named for von Kármán can form behind a body as it does this action to vortices.
ANSWER: vortex shedding
[10h] The onset of turbulence can be photographed using this imaging technique invented by August Toepler to view shock waves. Like the shadowgraph technique, it uses changes in refractive index as a proxy.
ANSWER: schlieren photography [or schlieren imaging]
<Physics>
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Summary

TournamentExact Match?HeardPPBEasy %Medium %Hard %
2025 ACF NationalsYes2416.67100%46%21%