Tossup

In a study of “stationary” examples of these systems, Mihai Manea characterized equilibrium payoffs associated with bargaining. Ballester, Calvo-Armengol, and Zenou characterized the “key player” in an economic game involving one of these systems that popularized a quantity named for Bonacich. Ben Golub co-developed a model of communication (10[1])in these systems (10[1])that employs the DeGroot linear updating model. “Pairwise stability” is an equilibrium concept in models of (-5[1])strategic formation of these structures. The stochastic block model is used to study these structures (10[1])with components characterized (10[1])by measures of “centrality.” (-5[1])These structures (10[2])name a type of negative externality also called congestion, (10[1]-5[1])and name economic “effects” in which (-5[1])a (-5[1])product gains value (10[1])as more users (10[2])adopt it. (10[2]-5[1])For 10 points, name these (10[1])structures (10[1])with nodes and edges. (10[1])■END■ (10[9])

ANSWER: networks [or network graphs; or economic networks; or social networks; or social graphs; accept network externalities or network effects; prompt on nodes or vertexes or vertices or edges by asking “what larger structures are those components of?”] (Editors’ note: Pairwise stability was popularized by Stanford economics professor Matt Jackson.)
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