Bonus

The earliest-discovered one of these stars, P Cygni (“SIG-nye”), names a profile sometimes used to identify them. For 10 points each:
[10h] What variables found in the S Doradus instability strip exhibit periodic outbursts and irregular eruptions? These variables lack ionized nitrogen and carbon lines, unlike their older Wolf–Rayet (“rah-YAY”) counterparts.
ANSWER: luminous blue variables [or LBVs; prompt on eta Carinae variables or Hubble–Sandage variables by asking “what larger group do they belong to?”]
[10e] This phenomenon’s interaction with outer shell material results in the characteristic P Cygni profiles of LBVs. Wolf–Rayet stars exhibit high mass loss rates due to this phenomenon, which ends at the heliopause.
ANSWER: stellar wind [or interstellar wind; accept solar wind; prompt on wind]
[10m] The mass of LBVs approaches this classical limit, derived by setting gravitational force equal to radiation pressure. Exceeding this limit disrupts hydrostatic equilibrium through stellar wind-driven mass loss in cataclysmic variables.
ANSWER: Eddington limit [or Eddington luminosity; accept super-Eddington luminosity]
<Other Science>
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Conversion

TeamOpponentPart 1Part 2Part 3TotalParts
Chicago AWUSTL B0101020EM
Columbia ABritish Columbia010010E
Columbia BGeorgia Tech0101020EM
Cornell BIowa State0000
Illinois APenn State010010E
Illinois BYale0101020EM
IndianaWUSTL A0101020EM
Johns HopkinsUC Berkeley B010010E
LSECornell A0000
MITFlorida010010E
MinnesotaToronto B0101020EM
NYURutgers010010E
North Carolina AMaryland0101020EM
Ohio StateNorthwestern0000
RITChicago B0000
Toronto CVirginia010010E
UC Berkeley AToronto A10101030HEM
Virginia TechGeorgia State010010E
Waterloo AHarvard0101020EM
Waterloo BTexas010010E

Summary

TournamentExact Match?HeardPPBEasy %Medium %Hard %
2025 ACF NationalsYes2012.5080%40%5%